- Irreversible Cell Injury: Features of irreversible cell injury include
Damage to cell membrane : It results due to continued influx of water, loss of membrane phospholipids and loss of protective amino acids (like glycine). Damage to cell membranes result in massive influx of calcium.
Calcium influx: Massive influx of Ca2+ results in the formation of large flocculent mitochondrial densities and activation of enzymes.
Nuclear changes: These are characterized by condensation of chromatin (pyknosis), fragmentation of the nucleus (karyorrhexis) and dissolution of the nucleus (karyolysis).
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