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Sedative
A drug that subdues excitement and clams the subject without inducing sleep, though drowsiness may be produced.
Hyponotic
A drug that induces and / or maintains sleep, similar to normal arousable sleep. This is not to be confused with ‘hypnosis’ meaning a trans like state in which the subject becomes passive and highly suggestible.
These are more or less CNS depressants with differing mechanesim of action and dose-action relationships. Those with quicker onset, shorter duration and steeper dose response curves are preferred as hyponotics while more slowly acting drugs with flatter dose response curves are preferably used as sedatives. However, there is considerable overlap; a hypnotic at lower dose may act as a sedaitve.
Thus sedation – hypnosis – general anaesthesia may be regarded as increasing grades of CNS depression. All hypnotics, except benzodiazepines, given in high doses can produce general anaesthesia.
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