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BIOCHEMISTRY

BIOCHEMISTRY

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Lysosomes

Lysosomes in animal cells are bounded by a single membrane.
They have an acidic internal pH (pH 4–5), maintained by proteins in the membrane that pump in Hions.
Within the lysosomes are acid hydrolases; enzymes involved in the degradation of macromolecules, including those internalized by endocytosis.

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes contain enzymes involved in the breakdown of amino acids and fatty acids, a byproduct of which is hydrogen peroxide.
This toxic compound is rapidly degraded by the enzyme catalase, also found within the peroxisomes.

Cytosol

The cytosol is the soluble part of the cytoplasm where a large number of metabolic reactions take place.
Within the cytosol is the cytoskeleton, a network of fibers (microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments) that maintain the shape of the cell.

Plant cell wall

The cell wall surrounding a plant cell is made up of the polysaccharide cellulose. In wood, the phenolic polymer called lignin gives the cell wall additional strength and rigidity.

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